The province of Lecce is the southernmost area of the Apulia region and occupies the eastern end of the Salento peninsula. Covering about 2,800 km² and comprising over ninety municipalities, it is one of the richest territories in southern Italy in terms of history, culture and traditions. Its varied landscapes — from the rocky Adriatic coast to the sandy Ionian beaches, from olive-dotted countryside to baroque cities — make it one of the most appreciated destinations for Italian and international visitors. This text explores the history and population of the area, its economy, and the main points of interest that define the identity of Salento.
Human presence dates back to the Paleolithic age, but it was with the Messapian civilization (8th–3rd century BC) that the Salento peninsula became a key Mediterranean centre. Many present-day towns — Lecce, Otranto, Nardò, Ugento — were major Messapian settlements with walls and necropolises.
Under Roman rule, the region was integrated into the Empire’s road and maritime systems. Lupiae (modern Lecce) became a flourishing city with theatres, amphitheatres and villas.
The Middle Ages brought domination by Byzantines, Normans, Swabians, Angevins and Aragonese, creating a layered cultural heritage. Otranto played a crucial role in relations with the East and is famous for the Ottoman siege of 1480.
In the 17th and 18th centuries Lecce became a major artistic centre thanks to the flourishing Baroque style.
In the 20th century agriculture remained dominant until the tourism boom of recent decades. Today the province has about 780,000 inhabitants.
Agriculture has traditionally been the foundation of the local economy:
extra virgin olive oil
DOC wines such as Primitivo, Negramaro, Salice Salentino
vegetables and legumes
fruit and citrus
Xylella has heavily affected olive orchards, pushing diversification.
Craftsmanship is strong: papier-mâché, Lecce stone shaping, ceramics, ironwork and weaving.
Tourism is now the leading sector thanks to:
some of Italy’s most beautiful coastlines
extraordinary cultural heritage
cuisine and traditions
festivals and cultural events
Lecce and the Baroque: Basilica of Santa Croce, Piazza Duomo, Roman Amphitheatre. Otranto: Cathedral, Aragonese Castle, promenade and beaches. Gallipoli: historic island centre, coastal walls, Angevin Castle, renowned beaches. Santa Maria di Leuca: Sanctuary, lighthouse, sea caves. Inland towns: Specchia, Presicce, Acaya, Galatina, Nardò. Natural areas: Porto Selvaggio Park, Le Cesine nature reserve.
