Montescaglioso is a town located in the province of Matera, in southeastern Basilicata. This historic village, perched on a hill overlooking the Bradano Valley and the Murgia Materana Park, spans about 175 km² and is known for its ancient history, religious monuments, and strong connection to Lucanian agricultural tradition. Its strategic position, just a few kilometres from Matera and close to the Ionian coast, makes it an appealing destination for those looking to explore an authentic territory rich in culture, art, and natural landscapes.
The origins of Montescaglioso date back to Magna Graecia. The area was strongly influenced by nearby Metaponto, an important Greek polis. Archaeological findings reveal Greek and Lucanian settlements between the 7th and 4th centuries BC.
During the Roman era, the territory remained inhabited and was part of a well-organised rural system with farms and villas. Its elevated position later favoured the development of a fortified medieval settlement.
Montescaglioso flourished during the Middle Ages thanks to numerous Benedictine monasteries, especially the Abbey of Saint Michael the Archangel, which exerted great spiritual and economic influence. Under Norman and Swabian rule, the town gained strategic and religious importance.
Over the following centuries, it remained a key rural centre controlled by noble families who shaped its social and economic structure. Traditions, religious rites and agricultural identity have been preserved up to the present day.
In the 20th century, Montescaglioso experienced strong emigration, which reduced the population. Today it has about 8,500 inhabitants and maintains a lively community strongly tied to its traditions.
The economy of Montescaglioso is traditionally based on agriculture. The surrounding countryside is among the most fertile in the province of Matera, ideal for cultivating:
durum wheat
olives producing excellent extra virgin olive oil
vineyards for local wines
fruit and vegetables
Agriculture, often family-run, remains the economic backbone.
The town also has a strong artisan tradition: woodworking, ironworking, textile production and ceramics showcase the creativity of the local culture.
In recent years, tourism has grown thanks to the proximity to Matera and the presence of important architectural and religious monuments. Agritourism, hospitality and cultural and gastronomic activities have expanded. Events such as the Montese Carnival and Holy Week rituals attract many visitors.
Montescaglioso features many historical, architectural and natural attractions.
Benedictine Abbey of Saint Michael the Archangel The symbol of the town and one of the most important Benedictine abbeys in southern Italy. Founded between the 8th and 9th centuries, it flourished in the Middle Ages and preserves cloisters, frescoes and monastic spaces.
Churches of the historic centre
Mother Church of Saint Peter
Church of Saint Lucy
Church of the Monastery of Saint Clare
The Castle and fortifications Remains of medieval defensive structures highlight the strategic importance of the settlement.
Murgia Materana Park A nearby protected area with ravines, rocky plateaus and rock-hewn churches — perfect for trekking and nature photography.
Historic Masserie Traditional rural farmhouses, often still active or converted into agritourisms.
Natural surroundings Cultivated fields, olive groves and Mediterranean vegetation shape the landscape. Its location makes Montescaglioso an ideal starting point to explore Basilicata.
